Simonas Daukantas or Szymon Dowkont[2][3] (28 October 1793 – 6 December 1864) was a Lithuanian writer,[4] ethnographer and historian. One of the pioneers of the Lithuanian national revival, he is credited as an author of the first book on the history of Lithuania written in the Lithuanian language. He also published several books on Lithuanian and Samogitian folklore, and wrote a Polish-Lithuanian dictionary.[4]
As an author he published under a variety of pen-names, including, Jakyb Łaukys, K.V.Mylė, Jokūbas Laukys[5] (Jokyb's Łaukys)[6], Motiejus Šauklys, J.Devynakis, Jonas Girdenis, Jonas Raganius, Antanas Žeimys, Jonas Purvys and Antanas Vaineikis, some of them mentioned also in Polonised form.
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Daukantas, was born on October 26, 1793 in Kalviai, near Skuodas. In 1814 he went to Vilnius and entered a local gymnasium. After graduating in 1816, he began studies at Vilnius University, then known as The Imperial University of Vilna. In 1819 Daukantas received his first degree in the field of law, and in 1822, a Masters Degree also in law. Daukantas did not receive his diploma immediately due the suppression of the Filomat and Filaret student movements at Vilnius University; he received the diploma only in 1825. He then relocated to Dorpat (modern Tartu), where he continued his studies until moving to Riga. From there he went to St. Petersburg, and obtained employment at the Lithuanian Metrica Office, and assisted Franciszek Malewski and Franciszek Czarnocki.[3]
He also collaborated with Teodor Narbutt, a historian, and gave him almost eight hundred original documents dealing with Lithuanian history as well as that of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2] He also published several history books and novels in Lithuanian, notably the Pałangos petris, a "Robinson Crusoe-like novel".[2]
In 1846 fables by Phaedrus, were translated by Daukantas under the pen-name Motiejus Šauklys into the Lithuanian language and were published in St. Petersburg.[7] Among his manuscripts were a Polish-Lithuanian dictionary and a book on the history of Samogitia and Lithuania. Both were published posthumously.[2]
Finally in 1850 he returned to Lithuania, where he died on December 6, 1864. He was buried on the summit of the Papilė hill fort. A monument designed by Vincas Grybas was erected there in 1930. His place in Lithuanian history is also commemorated by Daukantas Square, facing the Presidential Palace in Vilnius.
